The social experiment video genre — in which ordinary citizens, researchers, or activists design staged scenarios to document how bystanders respond to staged situations — had found in Delhi's streets a particularly charged testing ground by the early 2010s, as debates about public safety, bystander behavior, and gender dynamics intensified in the context of rising attention to women's safety.

Such experiments in Delhi and other Indian cities typically documented responses to staged harassment, distress, or conflict in public spaces, observing whether bystanders intervened, helped, ignored, or in some cases exacerbated difficult situations. The results were often uncomfortable: situations that seemed to demand intervention often passed without it, while staged situations involving men being harassed or threatened sometimes generated faster collective response than similar situations involving women.

The videos served an awareness function — showing audiences that the bystander effect, the psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to intervene when others are present, operates in Indian public life as it does everywhere, and that the specific social norms around gender made women's distress in public particularly likely to go unaddressed.

Critics of the format pointed to methodological limitations: staged scenarios may not accurately reflect real-life dynamics; the presence of cameras, even hidden ones, alters behavior; and the selection of footage for maximum impact can misrepresent the actual distribution of responses. A video showing ten people ignoring a staged incident may have been filmed after encounters in which many more people intervened.

More substantive criticism focused on what such videos accomplished beyond documentation: they could generate awareness, but awareness without structural change — better policing, better public space design, cultural shifts in norms around gender — was insufficient.

The experiments pointed at real problems. The solutions required more than experiments.